spring-security-04 过滤器链的加载流程


spring-security-04 过滤器链的加载流程

通过之前的学习,不免会有以下疑问。

  1. 这个 SpringSecurityFilterChain 是怎么注册到 web 环境中的?
  2. SpringSecurityFilterChain 的实现类到底是什么,我知道它是一个 Filter,但是在很多配置类中看到了 BeanName=SpringSecurityFilterChain 相关的类,比如 DelegatingFilterProxy,FilterChainProxy,SecurityFilterChain,他们的的名称实在太相似了,到底哪个才是真正的实现,SpringSecurity 又为什么要这么设计?“
  3. 如果我们使用SpringSecurity,那我们貌似一直在配置 WebSecurity ,但没有对 SpringSecurityFilterChain 进行什么配置,WebSecurity 相关配置是怎么和 SpringSecurityFilterChain 结合在一起的?

那么围绕着这些问题进行一下探究。
SpringSecurityFilterChain是怎么注册的,这个问题比较复杂,SpringSecurity 仅仅在 web 环境下(SpringSecurity 还支持非 web 环境)就有非常多的支持形式。
比如servlet+xml+SpringSecurity,springmvc+SpringSecurity,springboot+SpringSecurity。

SpringSecurityFilterChain 抽象概念里最重要的三个类:DelegatingFilterProxy,FilterChainProxy 和 SecurityFilterChain,对这三个类的源码分析和设计将会贯彻本文。不同环境下 DelegatingFilterProxy 的注册方式区别较大,但 FilterChainProxy 和 SecurityFilterChain 的差异不大,所以重点就是分析 DelegatingFilterProxy 的注册方式。它们三者的分析会放到下一节中。
##

1.xml方式配置

<filter>
	<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
	<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
	<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
	<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

2. java方式配置

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@EnableConfigurationProperties
@ConditionalOnClass({ AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer.class,
      SessionCreationPolicy.class })
@AutoConfigureAfter(SecurityAutoConfiguration.class)
public class SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration {

   private static final String DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME = AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer.DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME;//springSecurityFilterChain

    // <1>
   @Bean
   @ConditionalOnBean(name = DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME)
   public DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean securityFilterChainRegistration(
         SecurityProperties securityProperties) {
      DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean registration = new DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean(
            DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME);
      registration.setOrder(securityProperties.getFilterOrder());
      registration.setDispatcherTypes(getDispatcherTypes(securityProperties));
      return registration;
   } //在此处配置这个bean

   @Bean
   @ConditionalOnMissingBean
   public SecurityProperties securityProperties() {
      return new SecurityProperties();
   }
}

3. servlet3.0+环境下SpringSecurity的java config方式(不常用哦)

import org.springframework.security.web.context.*;

public class SecurityWebApplicationInitializer
	extends AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer {

}

主要自定义一个 SecurityWebApplicationInitializer 并且让其继承自 AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer 即可。如此简单的一个继承背后又经历了 Spring 怎样的封装呢?自然要去 AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer 中去一探究竟。经过删减后的源码如下

public abstract class AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer
      implements WebApplicationInitializer {//<1>

   public static final String DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME = "springSecurityFilterChain";

   // <1> 父类WebApplicationInitializer的加载入口
   public final void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
      beforeSpringSecurityFilterChain(servletContext);
      if (this.configurationClasses != null) {
         AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext rootAppContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
         rootAppContext.register(this.configurationClasses);
         servletContext.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener(rootAppContext));
      }
      if (enableHttpSessionEventPublisher()) {
         servletContext.addListener(
               "org.springframework.security.web.session.HttpSessionEventPublisher");
      }
      servletContext.setSessionTrackingModes(getSessionTrackingModes());
      insertSpringSecurityFilterChain(servletContext);//<2>
      afterSpringSecurityFilterChain(servletContext);
   }

    // <2> 在这儿初始化了关键的DelegatingFilterProxy
    private void insertSpringSecurityFilterChain(ServletContext servletContext) {
		String filterName = DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME;
        // <2> 该方法中最关键的一个步骤,DelegatingFilterProxy在此被创建
		DelegatingFilterProxy springSecurityFilterChain = new DelegatingFilterProxy(
				filterName);
		String contextAttribute = getWebApplicationContextAttribute();
		if (contextAttribute != null) {
			springSecurityFilterChain.setContextAttribute(contextAttribute);
		}
		registerFilter(servletContext, true, filterName, springSecurityFilterChain);
	}

    // <3> 使用servlet3.0的新特性,动态注册springSecurityFilterChain(实际上注册的是springSecurityFilterChain代理类)
    private final void registerFilter(ServletContext servletContext,
			boolean insertBeforeOtherFilters, String filterName, Filter filter) {
		Dynamic registration = servletContext.addFilter(filterName, filter);
		registration.setAsyncSupported(isAsyncSecuritySupported());
		EnumSet<DispatcherType> dispatcherTypes = getSecurityDispatcherTypes();
		registration.addMappingForUrlPatterns(dispatcherTypes, !insertBeforeOtherFilters,
				"/*");
	}

}
  1. 在 servlet3.0 环境下,web 容器启动时会自行去寻找类路径下所有实现了 WebApplicationInitializer 接口的 Initializer 实例,并调用他们的 onStartup 方法。
  2. 所以,我们只需要继承 AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer ,便可以自动触发 web 容器的加载,进而配置和 SpringSecurityFilterChain 第一个密切相关的类,第<2>步中的 DelegatingFilterProxy。
  3. <2> DelegatingFilterProxy 在此被实例化出来。在第<3>步中,它作为一个 Filter 正式注册到了 web 容器中。

2. 有关springSecurityFilterChain三个核心类的源码分析

理解 SpringSecurityFilterChain 的工作流程必须搞懂三个类:

  1. org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy
  2. org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy
  3. org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain

2.1 DelegatingFilterProxy

上面一节主要就是介绍 DelegatingFilterProxy 在不同环境下的注册方式,可以很明显的发现,DelegatingFilterProxy 是 SpringSecurity 的“门面”,注意它的包结构:org.springframework.web.filter,它本身是 Spring Web 包中的类,并不是 SpringSecurity 中的类。
因为 Spring 考虑到了多种使用场景,自然希望将侵入性降到最低,所以使用了这个委托代理类来代理真正的 SpringSecurityFilterChain。DelegatingFilterProxy 实现了 javax.servlet.Filter 接口,使得它可以作为一个 java web 的标准过滤器,其职责也很简单,
只负责调用真正的 SpringSecurityFilterChain。

DelegatingFilterProxy的重要代码。

public class DelegatingFilterProxy extends GenericFilterBean {

   private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;
   // springSecurityFilterChain
   private String targetBeanName;
   // <1> 关键点
   private volatile Filter delegate;
   private final Object delegateMonitor = new Object();

   public DelegatingFilterProxy(String targetBeanName, WebApplicationContext wac) {
      Assert.hasText(targetBeanName, "Target Filter bean name must not be null or empty");
      this.setTargetBeanName(targetBeanName);
      this.webApplicationContext = wac;
      if (wac != null) {
         this.setEnvironment(wac.getEnvironment());
      }
   }

   @Override
   protected void initFilterBean() throws ServletException {
      synchronized (this.delegateMonitor) {
         if (this.delegate == null) {
            if (this.targetBeanName == null) {
               this.targetBeanName = getFilterName();
            }
            // Fetch Spring root application context and initialize the delegate early,
            // if possible. If the root application context will be started after this
            // filter proxy, we'll have to resort to lazy initialization.
            WebApplicationContext wac = findWebApplicationContext();
            if (wac != null) {
               this.delegate = initDelegate(wac);
            }
         }
      }
   }

   @Override
   public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)
         throws ServletException, IOException {

      // 过滤器代理支持懒加载
      Filter delegateToUse = this.delegate;
      if (delegateToUse == null) {
         synchronized (this.delegateMonitor) {
            delegateToUse = this.delegate;
            if (delegateToUse == null) {
               WebApplicationContext wac = findWebApplicationContext();
               delegateToUse = initDelegate(wac);
            }
            this.delegate = delegateToUse;
         }
      }

      // 让代理过滤器执行实际的过滤行为
      invokeDelegate(delegateToUse, request, response, filterChain);
   }

   // 初始化过滤器代理
   // <2>
   protected Filter initDelegate(WebApplicationContext wac) throws ServletException {
      Filter delegate = wac.getBean(getTargetBeanName(), Filter.class);
      if (isTargetFilterLifecycle()) {
         delegate.init(getFilterConfig());
      }
      return delegate;
   }


   // 调用代理过滤器
   protected void invokeDelegate(
         Filter delegate, ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)
         throws ServletException, IOException {
      delegate.doFilter(request, response, filterChain);
   }

}
  1. 可以发现整个 DelegatingFilterProxy 的逻辑就是为了调用 private volatile Filter delegate;那么问题来了,这个 delegate 的真正实现是什么呢?
  2. 可以看到,DelegatingFilterProxy 尝试去容器中获取名为 targetBeanName 的类,而 targetBeanName 的默认值便是 Filter 的名称,也就是 springSecurityFilterChain!也就是说,DelegatingFilterProxy 只是名称和 targetBeanName 叫 springSecurityFilterChain,真正容器中的 Bean(name=”springSecurityFilterChain”) 其实另有其人(这里springboot稍微有点区别,不过不影响理解,我们不纠结这个细节了)。通过 debug,我们发现了真正的 springSecurityFilterChain — FilterChainProxy。

2.2 FilterChainProxy和SecurityFilterChain

org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy已经是 SpringSecurity 提供的类了,原来它才是真正的 springSecurityFilterChain,我们来看看它的源码(有删减,不影响理解)。

public class FilterChainProxy extends GenericFilterBean {
   // <1> 包含了多个SecurityFilterChain
   private List<SecurityFilterChain> filterChains;

   public FilterChainProxy(SecurityFilterChain chain) {
      this(Arrays.asList(chain));
   }

   public FilterChainProxy(List<SecurityFilterChain> filterChains) {
      this.filterChains = filterChains;
   }

   @Override
   public void afterPropertiesSet() {
      filterChainValidator.validate(this);
   }

   public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
         FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
         doFilterInternal(request, response, chain);
   }

   private void doFilterInternal(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
         FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {

      FirewalledRequest fwRequest = firewall
            .getFirewalledRequest((HttpServletRequest) request);
      HttpServletResponse fwResponse = firewall
            .getFirewalledResponse((HttpServletResponse) response);
	  // <1>
      List<Filter> filters = getFilters(fwRequest);

      if (filters == null || filters.size() == 0) {
         fwRequest.reset();
         //如果没有 则走传进来的过滤器链
         chain.doFilter(fwRequest, fwResponse);
         return;
      }

      VirtualFilterChain vfc = new VirtualFilterChain(fwRequest, chain, filters);
      vfc.doFilter(fwRequest, fwResponse);
   }

   /**
    * <1> 可能会有多个过滤器链,返回第一个和请求URL匹配的过滤器链
    */
   private List<Filter> getFilters(HttpServletRequest request) {
      for (SecurityFilterChain chain : filterChains) {
         if (chain.matches(request)) {
            return chain.getFilters();
         }
      }
      return null;
   }

}
  • 看 FilterChainProxy 的名字就可以发现,它依旧不是真正实施过滤的类,它内部维护了一个 SecurityFilterChain,这个过滤器链才是请求真正对应的过滤器链,并且同一个 Spring 环境下,可能同时存在多个安全过滤器链。
  • 如 private List filterChains 所示,需要经过 chain.matches(request) 判断到底哪个过滤器链匹配成功,每个 request 最多只会经过一个 SecurityFilterChain。
  • 为何要这么设计?因为 Web 环境下可能有多种安全保护策略,每种策略都需要有自己的一条链路,比如 Oauth2 服务,在极端条件下,可能同一个服务本身既是资源服务器,又是认证服务器,还需要做 Web 安全!

需要强调的是:实际每次请求,最多只有一个安全过滤器链被返回。如何匹配还需要研究一下。

public final class DefaultSecurityFilterChain implements SecurityFilterChain {
   private final RequestMatcher requestMatcher;
   private final List<Filter> filters;

   public List<Filter> getFilters() {
      return filters;
   }

   public boolean matches(HttpServletRequest request) {
      return requestMatcher.matches(request);
   }
}

其中的 List filters 就是我们之前分析的诸多核心过滤器,包含了 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter,SecurityContextPersistenceFilter,FilterSecurityInterceptor 等之前就介绍过的 Filter。

3. SecurityFilterChain的注册过程

  1. DelegatingFilterProxy 从 Spring 容器中寻找了一个 targetBeanName=springSecurityFilterChain 的 Bean 。我们通过 debug 直接定位到了其实现是 SecurityFilterChain,但它又是什么时候被放进去的呢?
  2. 这就得说到老朋友 WebSecurity 了,还记得一般我们都会选择使用 @EnableWebSecurity 和 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter 来进行 web 安全配置吗,来到 WebSecurity 的源码:
public final class WebSecurity extends
      AbstractConfiguredSecurityBuilder<Filter, WebSecurity> implements
      SecurityBuilder<Filter>, ApplicationContextAware {

    @Override
	protected Filter performBuild() throws Exception {
		int chainSize = ignoredRequests.size() + securityFilterChainBuilders.size();
		List<SecurityFilterChain> securityFilterChains = new ArrayList<SecurityFilterChain>(
				chainSize);
		for (RequestMatcher ignoredRequest : ignoredRequests) {
			securityFilterChains.add(new DefaultSecurityFilterChain(ignoredRequest));
		}
		for (SecurityBuilder<? extends SecurityFilterChain> securityFilterChainBuilder : securityFilterChainBuilders) {
			securityFilterChains.add(securityFilterChainBuilder.build());
		}
        // <1> FilterChainProxy 由 WebSecurity 构建
		FilterChainProxy filterChainProxy = new FilterChainProxy(securityFilterChains);
		if (httpFirewall != null) {
			filterChainProxy.setFirewall(httpFirewall);
		}
		filterChainProxy.afterPropertiesSet();

		Filter result = filterChainProxy;
		postBuildAction.run();
		return result;
	}
}

WebSecurity 的 performBuild 方法,我们之前配置了一堆参数的 WebSecurity 最终帮助我们构建了 FilterChainProxy。
并且,最终在 org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfiguration中被注册为默认名称为 SpringSecurityFilterChain。

到此可以做一个最终简单的总结

一个名称 SpringSecurityFilterChain,借助于 Spring 的 IOC 容器,完成了 DelegatingFilterProxy 到 FilterChainProxy 的连接,并借助于 FilterChainProxy 内部维护的 List 中的某一个 SecurityFilterChain 来完成最终的过滤。


Author: 向天歌
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